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Epidermoid cyst is a common benign skin tumor. Epidermoid cysts are caused by the growth of epidermal cells within the dermis. Epidermoid cysts are usually asymptomatic. It can form nodules or bumps on the skin that gradually grow larger. There will be a small black opening or blackhead at the top of the skin nodule. When a epidermoid cyst becomes inflamed or infected, it becomes red and swollen, and the patient may experience pain. Sometimes a white or yellow cheese-like discharge can be squeezed out from the epidermoid cyst. Most epidermoid cyst can be diagnosed clinically, but sometimes they are not clinically obvious and can be confirmed by pathological examination.

In terms of treatment, epidermal cysts that are asymptomatic and have only a minor aesthetic impact can usually be managed by observation and regular follow-up. For recurrently inflamed epidermal cysts, antibiotics may be prescribed, and surgical excision may be performed after the infection is under control. Surgical excision is usually performed in outpatient clinics under local anesthesia and can completely remove the cyst, but it may leave scars afterwards, which is an important factor for patients to consider before deciding whether or not to undergo surgery.

In summary, an epidermal cyst is a benign skin tumor caused by ectopic proliferation of epidermal cells in the dermis, with clinical features including round or oval skin nodules and typical blackheads. Although most epidermal cysts are asymptomatic and slow-growing, timely and appropriate treatment is necessary in the event of infection or significant cosmetic changes. Patients who notice such lesions on the skin should seek medical attention in time to be diagnosed and evaluated by a medical professional so that the most appropriate treatment can be chosen. Through scientific treatment and counseling, the vast majority of patients with epidermal cysts are able to achieve satisfactory results, restoring normal skin condition and minimizing the risk of future recurrence.